What position must all aft facing seats be in for takeoff and landing?

For takeoff and landing, all aft facing seats must be in an upright position to ensure the safety of occupants and compliance with aviation regulations. This configuration minimizes the risk of injury in the event of turbulence or an accident, as an upright seat provides better support and control in high-stress situations. The upright position also ensures that passengers are secure and properly positioned for emergency evacuations.

Having seats reclined, folded, or adjustable during these critical phases of flight could hinder the safety procedures and prolong evacuation times if necessary. Hence, the requirement for all aft facing seats to be upright ensures the utmost safety and readiness in the unlikely event of an emergency.